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Indeed, throughout the first three-quarters of the nineteenth century, maps of New Hampshire and especially of the White Mountains were largely the work of local cartographers. Carrigain’s map is of very high quality, but except for its having been engraved in Philadelphia, it is entirely the work of local surveyors and cartographers. Even Philip Carrigain’s map of New Hampshire(1816), though, does not identify Mount Washington, but it does give its height. Sotzmann’s representation of the White Mountains follows that of Belknap’s map of New Hampshire, published in the second volume of his History (1791). Mount Washington, whose name first appears in print in Jeremy Belknap’s History of New Hampshire (volume 3, 1792), makes its first appearance on a map as “Washington B.” (for “Berg”) on Daniel Sotzmann’s map of New Hampshire (1796) it would be some time before it appeared again on map. But the cartography of the area of the White Mountains, in particular, was very weak, since the region held little of commercial or political interest until the development of first of tourism, in the second quarter of the nineteenth century, and then of the logging industry, late in the century. The quality of the cartography of New Hampshire was very high, reflecting the interest of the British colonial enterprise and later the state in having accurate maps. Starting in the second half of the eighteenth century, maps of New Hampshire began to identify the White Mountains. Now, the earliest surviving map of the White Mountainsmay be a manuscript that was elaborated by the Reverend Jeremy Belknap after his visit there in 1784. The earliest map of the White Mountains, by themselves, to survive into recent times was carved on a powder horn in 1771, but this, too, has recently been lost to fire. The map was published in both Boston and London, and the London version, which came second, famously misprinted the name as “Wine Hills.” (This is one of the most valuable of all American maps, and the two printings are to this day known as the “White Hills” version and the “Wine Hills” version.) From the late seventeenth century, European maps of New England and of New Hampshire showed the location of the White Mountains as a whole, but did not distinguish individual peaks or even ranges. The White Mountains first appeared on a published map in 1677, when John Foster showed them as the “White Hills” on his A Map of New-England. The native Americans of the Northeast, whose name is usually rendered as the “Abenaki,” had trails through the region, which have been reconstructed on a recent map, but if they recorded maps of their own, these were perishable and did not survive. For many decades after these 1642 ascents, few colonists visited the region, let alone settled there. The last man to see this map, in 1825, described it as “drawn with tolerable accuracy, of the courses of the rivers flowing from the vicinity of the White Hills,” but shortly after he saw it, the map was destroyed in a conflagration. One of the “divers others” who followed him up the mountain that summer drew a map of the region.
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He cartography of the White Mountains began soon after the first ascent of what we now know as Mount Washington, by Darby Field, in 1642.